How to Verify Land Documents in Nigeria

Buying land in Nigeria is one of the most significant investments you can make. But without the right documentation, you risk losing your money to fraudulent transactions. Here is what to check before you sign anything.

The Key Documents

**Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)** Issued by the state government, a C of O is the strongest form of land title in Nigeria. It confirms that the government recognises the owner's right to occupy the land for a specific period (usually 99 years). Always verify a C of O directly with the relevant state land registry.

**Deed of Assignment** When land is sold, a Deed of Assignment transfers ownership from the seller to the buyer. It must be properly executed, stamped, and registered at the land registry to be legally binding.

**Governor's Consent** Under Nigerian land law, any transfer of a leasehold interest (including a C of O) requires the Governor's Consent. Without it, the transaction is not complete. This is a common step many buyers miss.

**Survey Plan** A survey plan shows the exact boundaries and dimensions of the land as surveyed by a licensed surveyor. It includes a unique plan number. Always verify the plan with the office of the Surveyor General.

**Approved Layout** In an estate, an approved layout confirms that the estate plan was approved by the relevant town planning authority.

How to Verify

1. Visit the state land registry and request a search on the property using the title documents provided by the seller. 2. Cross-reference the survey plan number with the Surveyor General's office. 3. Engage a licensed property lawyer to conduct due diligence on your behalf. 4. For estates, confirm that the estate company holds the master title and that plots are properly allocated.

Red Flags to Watch

• Sellers who discourage you from doing a land search
• Documents that cannot be verified at the land registry
• Prices significantly below market value
• Pressure to pay a deposit before seeing the original documents

At AGAL Homes & Properties, every estate we sell comes with verified title documentation. We will walk you through the process from start to finish.